| Abbasids | Early Islamic dynasty, 750–1258. |
| Almohads | Berber dynasty that ruled North Africa and Spain, 1130–1269. |
| Almoravids | Dynasty of Berber origin that ruled North Africa and later Spain, 1050–1147. |
| Ayyubids | Dynasty of Kurdish origin that ruled Egypt and Syria, 1169–1250. |
| Fatimids | Dynasty that ruled North Africa and then Egypt and Syria, 909–1171. |
| Ghaznavids | Dynasty of Turkish origin that ruled eastern Iran and northern India, 977–1186. |
| Ilkhanids | Dynasty of Mongol origin that ruled Greater Iran, 1256–1335. |
| Mamluks | Dynasty of former slaves that ruled Egypt and Syria, 1250–1517. |
| Mughals | Dynasty of Timurid descent that ruled India, 1526-1858. |
| Nasrids | Rulers of the Spanish kingdom of Granada, 1230–1492. |
| Ottomans | Turkish dynasty that ruled Anatolia and then much of eastern Europe and the Middle East, 1281–1924 |
| Safavids | Rulers of Iran, 1501–1732. |
| Saljuqs | General name for several dynasties of Turkish origin that ruled Greater Iran, as well as eastern Anatolia and Syria, in the eleventh to twelfth centuries. |
| Samanids | Dynasty that ruled eastern Iran and Central Asia, 819–1005. |
| Timurids | Central Asian dynasty that ruled Greater Iran, 1370–1507. |
| Umayyads | Early Islamic dynasty, 661–750; Spanish branch, 756–1031. |
